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  • 铝铸件的铸造后处理方式有哪些

    本站编辑:杭州达跃机械有限公司发布日期:2020-02-08 19:11 浏览次数:

    铝铸件的热处理其实属于铸造后处理工艺中的一种,是在铝铸件铸造完成以及清理后进行的,除此之外,还将涉及到整形、粗加工、防锈处理等后处理环节,而且它们的实际运用都是根据要求来的。  
    铸造后处理是铝铸件生产的末道工序,对铝铸件的品质有相当重要的影响。但不同的后处理,对应的效果也是不同的,以热处理来说,它是为了改善或改变铝铸件的原始组织而采用的,目的是消除铝铸件内应力,保证铸件性能,防止铸件变形和破坏。
    铝铸件热处理一般有淬火、退火、正火、铸态调质、人工时效、消除应力、软化和石墨化处理等,针对的是不同的工况。比如说铸件要求很高的耐磨性和足够的韧性,其内部组织应为奥氏体。为此,需对铸件进行淬火处理,可以将铸件加热到奥氏体区域使其完全奥氏体化后,迅速淬水激冷,使奥氏体来不及转变而保持下来。
    铝铸件后处理分为矫正、修补和表面精整三个方面,因为有些铸件在凝固、冷却以及热处理过程中会产生不同程度的变形,使部分尺寸超差,所以需用矫正的方法修复。矫正主要利用机械力量在室温或温态下进行,当变形量过大时,也可以在加热炉内利用铸件自重或外加压重进行高温矫正。
    铝铸件的外部缺陷主要使用焊接手段修复;铸件表面粗糙和凹凸不平一般用悬挂砂轮和高速砂轮磨光精整。粗加工是针对铝铸件局部进行的一项后处理技术,铸件经粗加工后能及时发现缺陷予以解决,并能减轻重量,还可使废料和切屑能够地分类回用。而防锈处理是为了避免铝铸件在运输或存放期间生锈而采用的,用的是涂刷底漆的方式。
    The heat treatment of aluminum castings actually belongs to one of the post-treatment processes of casting, which is carried out after the completion of casting and cleaning of aluminum castings. In addition, it will also involve the post-treatment links such as shaping, rough processing, rust prevention treatment, and their actual application is based on the requirements.
    The post-treatment of casting is the last process of aluminum casting production, which has a significant impact on the quality of aluminum casting. However, different post-treatment has different effects. In terms of heat treatment, it is used to improve or change the original structure of aluminum casting. The purpose is to eliminate the internal stress of aluminum casting, ensure the casting performance, and prevent the casting from deformation and damage.
    Heat treatment of aluminum castings generally includes quenching, annealing, normalizing, as cast tempering, artificial aging, stress relief, softening and graphitization, aiming at different working conditions. For example, casting requires high wear resistance and enough toughness, and its internal structure should be austenite. For this reason, it is necessary to quench the casting, which can be heated to the austenite area to fully austenitize, then quenched and quenched rapidly, so that the austenite can not be transformed and maintained.
    The post-treatment of aluminum castings can be divided into three parts: correction, repair and surface finishing. Because some castings will have different degrees of deformation in the process of solidification, cooling and heat treatment, which will make some dimensions out of tolerance, so rectification is needed for repair. The correction is mainly carried out at room temperature or temperature by mechanical force. When the deformation is too large, the casting self weight or external pressure can also be used in the heating furnace for high temperature correction.
    The external defects of aluminum castings are mainly repaired by welding, and the rough and uneven surface of castings are generally polished and finished by suspension wheel and high-speed wheel. Rough machining is a post-treatment technology for local aluminum castings. Defects can be found and solved in time after rough machining, and the weight can be reduced, and the scrap and chips can be classified and reused. The antirust treatment is used to avoid the rust of aluminum castings during transportation or storage, and the method of painting primer is used.